Llinux系统(Centos/Ubuntu/Debian)弹性云系统盘扩容方法

windows系统请参考：http://blog.iis7.com/"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25px; color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-size: 14px; font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, tahoma, arial, Verdana, sans-serif, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", 宋体; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">windows数据盘扩容请参考：http://blog.iis7.com/"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25px; color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-size: 14px; font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, tahoma, arial, Verdana, sans-serif, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", 宋体; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">linux数据盘扩容请参考：http://blog.iis7.com/"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25px; color: rgb(43, 43, 43); font-size: 14px; font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, tahoma, arial, Verdana, sans-serif, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", 宋体; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">

警告：

1.调整过分区管理方式的，例如lvm管理方式，请忽略此教程。

2.ubuntu20系统暂不支持脚本扩容,请手动扩容,参看下面ubuntu20部分,用fdisk操作

脚本自动处理（推荐）

SSH登录服务器下载自动执行脚本 ：

wget -O auto_expansion.sh http://downinfo.myhostadmin.net/vps/auto_expansion.sh && bash auto_expansion.sh && rm -rf auto_expansion.sh

手工处理方法

红色为您要键入的指令，绿色为需要注意的内容，蓝色为说明

特别提醒：删除分区后一定要先建立分区再保存，删除后点了保存会导致数据丢失，如果对linux不熟悉的，建议提交维护工单我司手工处理，费用100元。该操作有风险，为避免误操作导致数据丢失，操作前请对您的重要数据进行备份！

以下操作仅适用于centos6.x ，若是是使用的centos7.x版本请使用fdisk工具完成，操作流程一致。
Centos：
[root@ebs ~]#yum -y install gdisk        //安装分区工具

[root@ebs ~]#gdisk /dev/vda        //操作根分区磁盘

Command (? for help): p    //查看分区

Disk /dev/vda: 104857600 sectors, 50.0 GiB

Logical sector size: 512 bytes

Disk identifier (GUID): B7172F0B-2C30-4535-981D-F0ED8B4A6065

Partition table holds up to 128 entries

First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 104857566

Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries

Total free space is 41945021 sectors (20.0 GiB)

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name

   1            2048        62914559   30.0 GiB    8300  Linux filesystem    //注意这个值

Command (? for help): d        //删除分区

Using 1

Command (? for help): 1

b       back up GPT data to a file

c       change a partition's name

d       delete a partition

i       show detailed information on a partition

l       list known partition types

n       add a new partition

o       create a new empty GUID partition table (GPT)

p       print the partition table

q       quit without saving changes

r       recovery and transformation options (experts only)

s       sort partitions

t       change a partition's type code

v       verify disk

w       write table to disk and exit

x       extra functionality (experts only)

?       print this menu

Command (? for help): n

Partition number (1-128, default 1): 1

First sector (34-104857566, default = 2048) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: 2048   //刚才记录的

Last sector (2048-104857566, default = 104857566) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:   //直接回车

Current type is 'Linux filesystem'

Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300):            //直接回车

Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem'

Command (? for help): w

Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING

PARTITIONS!!

Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y

OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/vda.

Warning: The kernel is still using the old partition table.

The new table will be used at the next reboot.

The operation has completed successfully.

[root@ebs ~]#reboot                        //重启让分区生效

[root@ebs ~]#resize2fs -f /dev/vda1                 //开始扩容根分区,如果是centos8.x系统需要使用这个命令：xfs_growfs /dev/vda1

resize2fs -f /dev/vda1

resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

Filesystem at /dev/vda1 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required

old desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 4

Performing an on-line resize of /dev/vda1 to 13106939 (4k) blocks.

The filesystem on /dev/vda1 is now 13106939 blocks long.

[root@ebs ~]#df -vh                            //完成,查看新的根分区大小

Ubuntu：
root@ebs-888:~# parted /dev/vda

(parted) unit b

(parted) print

Model: Virtio 块设备 (virtblk)

磁盘 /dev/vda: 107374182400B

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

分区表：msdos

数字  开始：    End           大小          类型     文件系统  标志

 1    1048576B  32211206143B  32210157568B  primary  ext4      启动

(parted) rm 1               //删除1分区,记1的开始   删除2分区,记2分区的开始

警告: Partition /dev/vda1 is being used. Are you sure you want to continue?

是/Yes/否/No? yes

错误: Partition(s) 1 on /dev/vda have been written, but we have been unable to inform the kernel of the change,

probably because it/they are in use.  As a result, the old partition(s) will remain in use.  You should reboot

now before making further changes.

忽略/Ignore/放弃/Cancel? I

(parted) mkpart

分区类型？  primary/主分区/extended/扩展分区? p

文件系统类型？  [ext2]?

起始点？ 1048576B     //删除1分区,记1的开始   删除2分区,记2分区的开始

结束点？ 100% 

(parted) print

Model: Virtio 块设备 (virtblk)

磁盘 /dev/vda: 107374182400B

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

分区表：msdos

数字  开始：    End            大小           类型     文件系统  标志

 1    1048576B  107374182399B  107373133824B  primary  ext4

(parted) quit

信息: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

root@ebs-888:~# reboot

重启完,重新登陆服务器

root@ebs-888:~# resize2fs -f /dev/vda1

root@ebs-888:~# df -vh

ubuntu20(系统盘存在两个分区vda1,vda2):

root@ebs-888:~# fdisk /dev/vda

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.34).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

Be careful before using the write command.

The backup GPT table is not on the end of the device. This problem will be corrected by write.

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/vda: 40 GiB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disklabel type: gpt

Disk identifier: D9024514-1844-4FE3-9E82-CBF236D8C09C

Device     Start      End  Sectors Size Type

/dev/vda1   2048     4095         2048   1M BIOS boot

/dev/vda2   4096     62914526 62910431  30G Linux filesystem

Command (m for help): d

Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2

Partition 2 has been deleted.

Command (m for help): n

Partition number (2-128, default 2): 2

First sector (4096-83886046, default 4096): 4096

Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (4096-83886046, default 83886046): 83886046

Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 40 GiB.

Partition #2 contains a ext4 signature.

Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: N

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered.

Syncing disks.

root@ebs-888:~# reboot

重启完,重新登陆服务器

root@ebs-888:~# resize2fs -f /dev/vda2

root@ebs-888:~# df -vh

debian：

root@ebs-888:~# apt-get -y install parted

root@ebs-888:~# parted /dev/vda

GNU Parted 3.2

Using /dev/vda

Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.

(parted) print

Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)

Disk /dev/vda: 42.9GB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

Partition Table: msdos

Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags

 1      1049kB  26GB  26GBGB  primary  ext4

 2      26GB  30GB  4GB  primary  ext4

 5      30GB  34GB  4GB  primary  ext4

(parted) rm 5

警告: Partition /dev/vda1 is being used. Are you sure you want to continue?

是/Yes/否/No? yes

错误: Partition(s) 1 on /dev/vda have been written, but we have been unable to inform the kernel of the change,

probably because it/they are in use.  As a result, the old partition(s) will remain in use.  You should reboot

now before making further changes.

忽略/Ignore/放弃/Cancel? I

(parted) rm 2

警告: Partition /dev/vda1 is being used. Are you sure you want to continue?

是/Yes/否/No? yes

错误: Partition(s) 1 on /dev/vda have been written, but we have been unable to inform the kernel of the change,

probably because it/they are in use.  As a result, the old partition(s) will remain in use.  You should reboot

now before making further changes.

忽略/Ignore/放弃/Cancel? I

(parted) rm 1

警告: Partition /dev/vda1 is being used. Are you sure you want to continue?

是/Yes/否/No? yes

错误: Partition(s) 1 on /dev/vda have been written, but we have been unable to inform the kernel of the change,

probably because it/they are in use.  As a result, the old partition(s) will remain in use.  You should reboot

now before making further changes.

忽略/Ignore/放弃/Cancel? I

(parted) mkpart

分区类型？  primary/主分区/extended/扩展分区? p

文件系统类型？  [ext2]?

起始点？ 1049kB

结束点？ 100% 

(parted) print

Model: Virtio 块设备 (virtblk)

磁盘 /dev/vda: 107374182400B

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

分区表：msdos

数字  开始：    End            大小           类型     文件系统  标志

 1    1049kB  42.9GB  42.9GB  primary  ext4

(parted) quit

信息: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

root@ebs-888:~# reboot

重启完,重新登陆服务器

root@ebs-888:~# resize2fs -f /dev/vda1

root@ebs-888:~# df -vh